ABSTRACT
El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto de productos desinfectantes comerciales en aerosol sobre la carga de hongos ambientales en habitaciones de viviendas, teniendo en cuenta que las personas, principalmente los niños, pasan la mayor parte del día en las mismas. Además, se estudió, a través de encuestas, las preferencias del público a la hora de adquirir los desinfectantes comerciales ensayados. El número de UFC/placa fue variable dentro de la misma habitación para las distintas mediciones realizadas antes de la aplicación de los productos desinfectantes. Los porcentajes de inhibición del crecimiento fúngico fueron variables dependiendo del producto desinfectante ensayado y de la habitación muestreada. Dichos porcentajes no fueron diferentes significativamente entre los desinfectantes. Los valores de temperatura estuvieron dentro de un rango de 11 a 19,5 ºC y el porcentaje de humedad relativa varió entre un 64 a 85 por ciento. El 89 por ciento de los encuestados conocía la existencia de desinfectantes ambientales en aerosol. El 78 por ciento conocía el Lysoform®, seguido por Glade® antitabaco y Ayudin®. Dentro de los productos más utilizados, el 54 por ciento de los encuestados indicó el producto Lysoform®. La mayoría de los consumidores eligieron a los desinfectantes por lo que conocen y los medios de comunicación influyeron en el 29 por ciento de los consumidores al momento de elegir el desinfectante. Estos productos ensayados son recomendables en una habitación para disminuir la carga de hongos ambientales y así reducir el efecto perjudicial de estos hongos sobre las personas que la utilizan.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of commercial disinfectant spray on the concentration of airborne fungi in bedrooms, considering that people, especially children, spend most of the day in them. Also, public preferences through surveys were studied when acquiring commercial disinfectants tested. The number of CFU/Petri dish was variable within the same bedroom for the different measurements performed before application of the disinfectant. Percent inhibition of fungal growth were variable, depending on the disinfecting product tested and sampled bedroom. These percentages were not significantly different between the disinfectants. The temperature values were within a range of 11 to 19.5° C and relative humidity percentage ranged from 64 to 85 percent. Eighty nine percent of respondents knew about environmental disinfectant spray. Seventy-eight percent knew about Lysoform®, followed by antismoking Glade® and Ayudin®. Among the most widely used products, 54 percent of respondents said the Lysoform® product was the most used. Most consumers chose known disinfectants and, when choosing a disinfectant, the media influenced 29 percent of consumers. The used products are recommended to be used in a bedroom to decrease the number of airborne fungi and thus reduce the harmful effect of these fungi on the people that use this room.
Subject(s)
Humans , Aerosols/chemistry , Disinfectants/antagonists & inhibitors , Spores, Fungal/growth & development , Spores, Fungal/pathogenicity , Housing Sanitation , Mycobiome , Environmental Monitoring/methods , Argentina , Allergens/toxicity , Consumer Behavior , Culture Media , Effectiveness , Environmental Statistics/methods , Gravimetry/methods , Humidity , Mass Media , TemperatureABSTRACT
Ricinus communis L. is of great economic importance due to the oil extracted from its seeds. Castor oil has been used for pharmaceutical and industrial applications, as a lubricant or coating agent, as a component of plastic products, as a fungicide or in the synthesis of biodiesel fuels. After oil extraction, a castor cake with a large amount of protein is obtained. However, this by-product cannot be used as animal feed due to the presence of toxic (ricin) and allergenic (2S albumin) proteins. Here, we propose two processes for detoxification and allergen inactivation of the castor cake. In addition, we establish a biological test to detect ricin and validate these detoxification processes. In this test, Vero cells were treated with ricin, and cell death was assessed by cell counting and measurement of lactate dehydrogenase activity. The limit of detection of the Vero cell assay was 10 ng/mL using a concentration of 1.6 x 10(5) cells/well. Solid-state fermentation (SSF) and treatment with calcium compounds were used as cake detoxification processes. For SSF, Aspergillus niger was grown using a castor cake as a substrate, and this cake was analyzed after 24, 48, 72, and 96 h of SSF. Ricin was eliminated after 24 h of SSF treatment. The cake was treated with 4 or 8% Ca(OH)2 or CaO, and both the toxicity and the allergenic properties were entirely abolished. A by-product free of toxicity and allergens was obtained.
Subject(s)
Animals , Allergens/drug effects , Aspergillus niger/growth & development , Calcium Compounds/pharmacology , Castor Bean/drug effects , Inactivation, Metabolic , Allergens/toxicity , Aspergillus niger/drug effects , Chlorocebus aethiops , Castor Bean/toxicity , Cell Death/drug effects , Cell Degranulation/drug effects , Enzyme Activation , Fermentation , L-Lactate Dehydrogenase/metabolism , Mast Cells/drug effects , Ricin/isolation & purification , Ricin/toxicity , Time Factors , Toxicity Tests , /isolation & purification , /toxicity , Vero CellsABSTRACT
Gap junction channels formed with connexins directly link to the cytoplasm of adjacent cells and have been implicated in intercellular signaling. Connexin 37 (Cx37) is expressed in the gas-exchange region of the lung. Recently, Cx37 has been reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory disease. However, no data are available on the role of Cx37 in allergic airway inflammatory disease. In the present study, we used a murine model of ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic airway disease and primary murine epithelial cells to examine the change of Cx37 in allergic airway disease. These mice develop the following typical pathophysiological features of asthma: airway hyperresponsiveness, airway inflammation, and increased IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, eotaxin, and RANTES levels in lungs. Cx37 protein and mRNA expression were decreased in OVA-induced allergic airway disease. Immunoreactive Cx37 localized in epithelial layers around the bronchioles in control mice, which dramatically disappeared in allergen-induced asthmatic lungs. Moreover, the levels of Cx37 protein in lung tissues showed significantly negative correlations with airway inflammation, airway responsiveness, and levels of Th2 cytokines in lungs. These findings indicate that change of Cx37 may be associated with the asthma phenotype.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Mice , Airway Resistance , Allergens/toxicity , Asthma/etiology , Base Sequence , Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid/cytology , Cell Adhesion Molecules/metabolism , Cells, Cultured , Chemokines/metabolism , Connexins/genetics , Cytokines/metabolism , DNA Primers/genetics , Disease Models, Animal , Epithelial Cells/metabolism , Lung/immunology , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Ovalbumin/immunology , RNA, Messenger/genetics , Trachea/metabolismABSTRACT
Os ácaros são considerados a maior fonte de alérgenos inalantes envolvidos em doenças alérgicas respiratórias. Com o objetivo de correlacionar os ácaros mais prevalentes na poeira domiciliar aos agentes etiológicos mais comuns da população atópica, realizamos um estudo randomizado, prospectivo e pioneiro no município de Bragança Paulista, entre abril de 1998 e setembro de 1999. Nas amostras de poeira encontramos as espécies D. pteronyssinus (55,36 por cento), família Tarsonemidae (16,96 por cento) e B. tropicalis (12,80 por cento). Dos 90 voluntários testados com o prick teste encontramos 71 por cento de positividade aos alérgenos poeira doméstica (60 por cento), D. pteronyssinus (56,70 por cento) e B. tropicalis (51,10 por cento). A família Tarsonemidae assume um lugar de destaque entre as espécies encontradas, fato incomum na bibliografia pesquisada
Subject(s)
Humans , Mites/classification , Mites/pathogenicity , Allergens/toxicity , Dust , Air Pollutants , Respiratory Tract Diseases/etiologyABSTRACT
Se investigó la alergenicidad cruzada mediante inhibición del RAST usando sueros de pacientes alérgicos entre los ácaros domésticos Dermatophagoides farinae (Df), Blomia tropicalis (Bt) y Lepidoglyphus destructor (Ld) y entre Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Dp), Chortoglyphus arcuatus (Ca) y Aleroglyphus ovatus (Ao). Se halló por un lado una alta reactividad cruzada entre Bt vs Ld, y entre Ao vs Ca. Por otro lado,se halló una mínima a moderada reactividad cruzada entre Df vs Bt, Df vs Ld,Dp vs Ao y entre Dp vs Ca. Estos resultados surgieron entre los no-piroglífidos Bt, Ld, Ao y Ca se comparten varios determinantes alergénicos y que la población sensibilización a las otras. Entre los piroglífitos y no piroglífidos se presenta una mínima reactividad cruzada dada por unos pocos determinantes alergénicos compartidos, diferentes de los alergenos mayores. Los no-piroglífitos poseen determinantes alergénicos propios y tienen un papel importante como inductores de enfermedades alérgicas respiratorias especialmente en regiones tropicales donde su crecimiento es exuberante, por lo tanto se deben considerar para el diagnóstico y tratamiento de los alérgicos a los ácaros en esas regiones.
Subject(s)
Humans , Mites/physiology , Mites/pathogenicity , Allergens/physiology , Allergens/toxicityABSTRACT
Se presenta un caso de rinitis y asma bronquial osmilógena provocada por el nopal (opuntia hypticantha), que nunca se ha referido en la literatura mundial. Dicha cactácea se consume ampliamente en la República Mexicana y se debe tomar en cuenta como un alimento ofensor desencadeante de patología alérgica. Se hace además una revisión química biológica del nopal